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嘉峪检测网 2022-10-11 11:02
前言导读
房颤为一种室上性快速性心律失常,伴有不协调的心房电激动和无效的心房收缩。房颤的心电图特征包括:不规则的RR间期(当房室传导功能未受损时)、没有明确重复的P波和不规则的心房激动。
经体表心电图记录到房颤心电图或单导联心电记录装置记录到房颤心电图且持续>30s以上可诊断为房颤。
房颤的发作和维持受到触发灶和基质的共同影响。有理论认为房颤早期由触发灶驱动或者诱发,进而引起电重构、结构重构及神经重构。而“重构”使房颤更趋恶化,并得以持续发作。
心房颤动发生机制示意图 来源:中华医学会
导管消融是治疗心房颤动(房颤)的一线治疗方法。导管消融策略是近年来备受心脏电生理关注的热点之一,伴随着新的消融技术和器械的应用,房颤导管消融疗法不断创新和突破。
绝大部分房颤的发生与肺静脉的异常放电有关,因此导管消融治疗房颤的主要方法是电学隔离肺静脉,脉冲电场消融(PFA)是目前十分火热的赛道。
脉冲电场消融概览
脉冲电场消融(PFA)也被称为不可逆电穿孔,是指在短时间内将高电压电脉冲作用于细胞膜的磷脂双分子层,导致跨膜电位形成,产生不稳定的电势。细胞膜由此形成不可逆的穿透性损伤,产生纳米级孔隙,进而引起细胞膜渗透率变化,破坏细胞内环境稳态,最终导致细胞凋亡,达到非热消融的目的。
通过脉冲电场消融,“杀死”肺静脉的前庭心房肌,使肺静脉中的电位无法传出,最终达到消除房颤。房颤的医学名字叫心房颤动,它是最常见的一个心律失常,一般都是因为心脏里边的电传导系统出现紊乱而造成的。
与传统射频消融方式相比较,脉冲电场消融不需要依赖导管贴靠力便能造成广泛的心肌损伤。这一点也有利于避免对邻近的食管、冠状动脉和膈神经等造成损伤。脉冲电场消融速度极快,常以毫秒为单位甚至更小,大大缩短了手术时间。
脉冲场消融的作用机制是不可逆电穿孔 (IRE)。与通过局部组织温度导致细胞死亡的热消融不同,脉冲场消融在组织细胞的特定电阈值之上施加超快速电脉冲,使细胞膜不稳定并形成纳米级孔,导致细胞内容物排出,导致细胞死亡。
不可逆电穿孔原理图
PFA市场概览
根据弗若斯特沙利文数据显示,中国房颤病人已超过1000万人,在心脏电生理市场,卫健委心律失常介入质控中心的数据显示:中国心律失常患者使用消融治疗的手术量从2014年的10.1万例增长到2018年的15.2万例,复合年增长率为10.7%。预计到2023年,手术量将达到33.6万例,复合年增长率为17.3%。随着手术量的增长,我国心脏电生理行业市场规模也已从2014年的11.3亿元增长至2018年的33.3亿元,复合年增长率达到30.9%,并预计到2023年,市场规模将达到123.2亿元。
脉冲消融呈高成长性,被认为是下一代颠覆性消融技术,脉冲消融的问世给消融赛道带来了更大的想象空间,新赛道已初步形成。
纵观整个市场,波科、强生、美敦力等跨国械企均已开始布局相关产品管线,我国脉冲电场消融行业虽然处于市场早期,但已有多个企业争相布局。例如,德诺电生理、玄宇医疗、惠泰医疗、艾科脉、洲瓴、锦江电子、捍宇医疗等企业均在近几年才出现的PFA技术上有所押注。其中,德诺电生理、锦江电子相关产品还于今年上半年进入了创新医疗器械特别审查程序,有望紧随波科、美敦力等巨头之后上市,大有弯道超车之势。
值得注意的是意大利电生理器械企业ElectroPhysiology Frontiers(EPF)推出了一种PFA创新医疗器械,该器械为一种易于使用的“单次”导管消融系统,以提供持久的消融并降低肺静脉分离(PVI)后心房颤动(AFib)的复发率,能够解决房颤消融导管存在肺静脉血流阻断、与肺静脉前庭贴合性差、消融期间导管移动等问题,备受PFA赛道关注。本文即以ElectroPhysiology Frontiers为例,对脉冲电场消融器械展开分析。
认识EPF消融导管
EPF消融导管是一款射频消融(RFA)和脉冲场消融(PFA)通用的消融导管。主要是让其满足安全有效、易于使用,单次操作,手术是可以重复且高效,从而实现持久的消融。
EPF专注于设计一种安全,高效且易于使用的“单发”消融导管,以提供耐用和持久的消融病变。与基于球囊的设计不同,EPF的电极阵列不会阻塞肺静脉血流或由于组织接触不良而产生间隙的风险。
总结开来EPF消融导管具有如下优势:
EPF消融导管具有如下特点:
1)用于射频消融 (RFA) 和脉冲场消融 (PFA) 的设计
2)可膨胀锚,在消融期间让消融导管更加稳定并改善接触
3)环形电极(CLA),圆周线性阵列,具有更好贴壁性能
4)环形电极(CLA)和可膨胀锚距离可调
5)采用OTW导管设计
6)6 个锚、4 个 CLA(圆周线性阵列)和 2 个轴电极的电解剖映射 (EAM) 系统进行可视化
专利分析
本文笔者以ElectroPhysiology Frontiers消融导管为主要对象展开分析,如若获取整个脉冲电场消融赛道相关专利信息,可与笔者取得联系,共同交流学习。
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公开/公告号 |
US10980597B2 |
申请日 |
2015-03-18 |
发明名称 |
Ablation catheter and ablation apparatus |
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解决的技术问题 |
According to a particularly advantageous characteristic, the ablation elements, or at least the relative segments, can be selectively activated, as each is connected to its own specific generator, part of the ablation apparatus which also comprises the same catheter of the invention: in this way, the surgeon can advantageously choose which and how many of these to activate for repeating the treatment, which can therefore correspond solely to the areas that have not been sufficiently treated, avoiding re-treating areas of tissue that have already been treated correctly or areas at risk for the patient. In order to allow an optimum control of the energy supplied, according to an independent aspect of the invention, additional conductors are envisaged, which are useful for eliminating eddy currents that may be generated. This feature can be advantageously combined with those of the catheter described herein, thus providing an extremely precise ablation catheter in the treatment. In particular, but not exclusively, the ablation catheter of the invention is advantageously suitable for the ablation of the antrum of pulmonary veins for limiting or eliminating the atrial fibrillation phenomenon, thanks to the interruption in the electric currents induced by the veins themselves.
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技术方案 |
An ablation catheter equipped with ablation petals having electrodes that are continuous over an outer circumferential portion of the ablation petals. The ablation catheter can be moved from a rest position, where the petals are housed in an external tubular body, to an operating position, where the petals protrude from the external tubular body. |
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2
公开/公告号 |
US9924994B2 |
申请日 |
2012-11-01 |
发明名称 |
Anchored cardiac ablation catheter |
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解决的技术问题 |
As a further feature of the apparatus and method, during catheter ablation procedures, Transesophageal Echocardiographic (TEE) Ultrasound is often used as a guidance tool for placing the ablator. The TEE instrument can also include an electrode for the return ablation energy circuit as described above. A minimally invasive device inserted into the esophagus can also contain one or more magnets, in which opposite-pole magnets can be included in the ablator device. Thus the TEE device can include magnets to enhance, or provide, the prime anchoring technique for holding the ablator against the target. |
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技术方案 |
An apparatus and method for performing cardiac ablations employs a catheter comprising an anchoring device and an ablating device to perform the ablations to electrically isolate the pulmonary veins and left atrium from surrounding atrial tissue. The anchor can comprise a balloon-type device, a stent-like device, a strut-like device, a spring-strut-like device, an umbrella-like device, a mushroom-like device, or other device that allows the catheter to maintain a position with respect to target tissue. The ablator can comprise a balloon ablator, an umbrella ablator, a pinwheel ablator, an umbrella ablator incorporating a cinch mechanism, a mushroom balloon ablator and a segmented balloon or pinwheel ablator. The anchor and ablator can also comprise a combination mushroom balloon anchor section and mushroom balloon ablator section. The anchor and ablator can include electrodes for measuring a conductance therebetween when in deployed position, so as to determine the effectiveness of the ablation. |
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结 语
诚如领域内人士共同认识的那样,脉冲电场消融PFA逐渐赢得市场追捧,站上了细化发展的快车道,国内各大脉冲电场消融PFA厂商也必会将波科、美敦力、强生等领域内大厂作为重要的标杆和对照,联动产学研医生多方力量,不断创新,推动我国脉冲电场消融PFA行业更好更快的发展,目前我国脉冲电场消融PFA厂商已具有和国外厂商具有齐头并进的趋势,相关知识产权问题也必将会成为各大脉冲电场消融PFA厂商的研究重点课题,后续相关产品的的研发和专利事务值得持续关注。
来源:医械知识产权