PDA TR05 无菌制剂包装的相容性和稳定性(中英文).doc(147页)

  • PDA 5号技术报告Sterile Pharmaceutical Packaging: Compatibility and Stability无菌制剂包装的相容性和稳定性

    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    目录

     

    I. Introduction 简介        ……..       1

    II. Primary Packaging Systems 初级包装系统       …….        3

    A.     Containers 容器     3

    1.      Glass containers玻璃容器   3

    a.      Nature and composition of glass玻璃的性质及组成 ……...       3

    1)      Soda-lime glasses钠钙玻璃   …..  4

    2)      Borosilicate glasses 硼硅酸盐玻璃                5

    3)      Amber glass 琥珀玻璃           7

    b. Classification of glass containers by USP USP对玻璃容器的分类    7

    1)      Type I 类          7

    2)      Type II 类                  7

    3)      Type III类                  7

    4)      TypeNP类               8

    2. Plastic containers 塑料容器. …..8

    a.      Polymerization 聚合作  …8

    1)      Polymerization by addition 加成聚合             8

    2)      Polymerization by condensation 缩合聚合             11

    b.      Additives (Adjuvants) 添加剂(辅助剂)     …13

    1)      Lubricants 润滑剂           13

    2)      Stabilizers稳定剂            14

    3)      Plasticizers 塑化剂                  14

    4)      Antioxidants抗氧化剂             14

    5)      Antistatic agents抗静电剂           15

    6)      Slip agents增滑剂                  15

    7)      Dyes and pigments 染料和色素             15

    c.      Potential problems with plastic containers 塑料容器的潜在问题15

    B.     Closure Systems 密闭系统    18

    1.      General 概述           18

    2.      Composition of rubber closures 橡胶塞成分                  18

    a.      Primary ingredients 主要成分                 18

    b.      Adjuvants辅助剂             18

    3.      Natural rubber 天然橡胶                19

    4.      Synthetic elastomers 合成弹性体                   19

     

    a.      Polyisoprene rubber 聚异戊二烯橡胶           19

    b.      Butyl rubber 丁基橡胶            19

    c.      Halogenated butyl rubber 卤化丁基橡胶               20

    d.      Chloroprene rubber氯丁橡胶                20

    e.      Silicone rubber 硅橡胶            20

    f.       Nitrile butadiene rubber丁腈橡胶                 20

    III. Potential Physicochemical Interactions 潜在的物化相互作用                 21

    A Sorption 吸附作用      22    

    1.      Introduction 引言            22

    2.      Mathematical Models数学模型   23 

    a.      Freundlich equation Freundlich方程                25

    b.      Simple linear equation 简单线性方程..                   25

    c.      Langmuir equation方程 …             26

    d.      Diffusion equation —general 扩散方程-常规情况……..          27

    e.      Diffusion equation-constant drug concentration扩散方程-恒定药品浓度. 28

    f.       Diffusion equation —varying drug concentration扩散方程-变化的药品浓度...       31

    g.      Diffusion equation—half-saturation time扩散方程-半饱和时间                   33

    h.      First—order equation 一阶方程             3-1

    i.       Reversible first—order equation 可逆的一阶方程              31

    j.Bi—exponential equation双指数方程                   37

    3.      Factors Influencing Sorption 影响吸附的因素               38

    a.      Effect of concentration浓度的影响                 38

    b.      Partition coefficient 分配系数                 40

    c.      pH of the solution 溶液的pH                   40

    d.      Effect of excipients 辅料的影响             43

    e.      Effect of temperature 温度的影响                 45

    f.       Structure of the polymeric sorbent聚合体的吸附剂的结构                  46

    g.      Structure of the sorbate 被吸附物的结构             47

    4.      Drug—Plastic Interactions 药物-塑料的相互作用                49

    a.      General概述            69

    b.      Insulin 胰岛素                  79

    c.      Nitroglycerin 硝化甘油           70

    d.      Diazepam苯甲二氮                 70

    5.      Drug—Rubber Closure Interactions 药品-橡胶塞的相互作用             70

    6.      Sorption of Antimicrobial Agents by Plastics塑料对抗菌剂的吸附作用70

    a.      General概述            70

    b.      Benzalkonium chloride苯扎氯铵             71.

    c.      Phenylmercuric compounds 苯汞基化合物           71

    7.      Sorption of Antimicrobial Agents by Rubber Closures橡胶塞对抗菌剂的

    吸附作用 …  71

    a.      General概述            74

    b.      Benzyl alcohol 苯甲醇             77

    c.      Phenol苯酚            70

    d.      Chlorobutanol 三氯叔丁醇             79

    e.      Parabens 对羟苯甲酸酯                 80

    f.       Mercuric compounds汞化合物             80

    8.      Adsorption onto Glass Surfaces 玻璃表面的吸附作用                  80

    a. General概述                 80

    b.      Biological compounds生物化合物          ... 81

    c.      Nonbiological compounds 非生物化合物      85

    Leaching浸析87

    1.General 概述      

     2. Mathematical Models 数学模型....................................................... .88

    a. Square-root-of-time equation时间平方根….…89

    b. First-order equation 一阶方程  .............90

    c.      Log-log equation 双对数方程        …..…92

    d.      Linear equation 线性方程      ……..93

    e.      Desorption equation解吸附方程  ..……95

    3.      Factors Influencing Leaching影响浸析的因素.100

    a.      Temperature 温度….…100

    b.      pH   ….…103

    c.      Excipients 辅料       …....105

    4.      Leaching from Rubber Closures .从橡胶塞中浸析112

    5.      Leaching from Plastic Containers从塑料容器中浸析..……116

    6.      Corrosion of Glass Surface玻璃表面腐蚀      …….117

    a.Etching process 侵蚀过程.……..120

    b.Leaching process浸析过程…….137

     C.Permeation渗透作用.. … .143

     1.General 概述...143

     2.Mathematical Model数学模型..144

     a.Diffusion Equation 扩散方程….144

     b.Compartmental equations 分室方程……..146

    3 Factors Influencing Permeation 影响渗透的因素 … …149

     a.Concentration 浓度  ……..149        

    b.Partition coefficient 分配系数    ……..150        

    c.pH of the solution 溶液pH.152

    d.Formulation components制剂成分    ……..153        

    e.External environment 外部环境         ……..154        

    f.Diffusion in polymers聚合物内的扩散作用..155

    g.Temperature温度…….155

    4.Permeation through Plastic Materials 透过塑料的渗透            …..…156

    5.Permeation through Elastomers透过弹性体的渗透… .. 159

    IV. References参考文献                                         

  • 980.61KB
  • 法规标准
  • 2020-07-13
  • 包装材料与纸制品;药品与生物制品;医疗器械

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